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South Sudan: Independence And Nation Building From A False Start?
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TITLE (EDIT)
South Sudan: Independence And Nation Building From A False Start? |
DESCRIPTION
This article looks at the ongoing internal conflicts in the newly independent South Sudan and how these may affect the country's prospects of nation building.
[693 words] |
AUTHOR
Nicholas Okumu |
ABOUT
THE AUTHOR
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[January 2014] |
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South Sudan: Independence And Nation Building From A False Start?
Nicholas Okumu
The aspirations for independence of South Sudan can be traced back to four decades of war. This eventually culminated into its independence from Khartoum government merely six months ago. The South Sudanese gained their independence from Khartoum on the 9th of July, 2011 with celebrations. These were expected of a people who suffered under northern regime for years.
However, Ndlovu-Gatsheni (2012) contend that although celebrations of decolonization process is the proudest moment in African history, they can be belied by the fact that ordinary African citizens engaged in new struggles for freedom soon after decolonization aimed at liberating themselves from oppression. This situation seems to have befitted the newly independent South Sudan.
Even if South-Sudanese were so happy following the achievement of their independence from Khartoum, and should have now embarked heavily on nation building, the new country is bedeviled with numerous internal strives from various groups. Such opposing factions can stifle nation building (Kurtenbach, (2011). The author states that: eIn European history, war has played a major role in state]building and cit is decreasing on a global scale. However, other patterns of armed violence now dominate, ones that seem to undermine state]building, thus preventing the replication of European experiencesf.
Referring to Latin America Kurtenbach (2011) says that ec the specific patterns of the termination of both war and violence are more important thanctheir organizationc [And]ccan be conceptualized as a critical juncture for state]buildingf. Although such a suggestion can be useful as a precursor for peace and nation building, this can be undermined by a venerable state such as the new South Sudan which has started showing signs of failure. According to Estes (2012), failed and failing states are: ecsovereign political entities that are unable to provide for the basic securitycintegrity, social justice, and material needs of their populationscf And without a doubt, the New South Sudan looks to be a clear candidate in this regard. With increasing military vulnerability, South Sudan is headed for a very stressful experience in nation building. This can be noted in regard to Kurtenbachfs (2011) writing which state that although ecmilitary victories in war, the subordination of competing armed actors and the prosecution of perpetrators are conducive for state]buildingcf impunity can produce instability due to competing patterns of authoritycf
A recent article by Sky's senior news correspondent David Bowden in respect of South Sudan paints the above picture. David says: ecthe new country's administration is under pressure from a number of armed factions who want a bigger say in how the country moves forwardf. Such armed factions can greatly undermine the authority of a government to the extent that external help may be required. This could explain why Estes (2012) observed:
ecfailed and failing states may or may not be recognized as competent political entities by the world community which, often, is called upon to provide increasingly higher levels of military assistance and humanitarian aidcf
President Barak Obama could have seen the foregoing situation and decided to act. The Obama Administration recently sent military aid to South Sudan. Although the real motives may not be apparent, it is undoubtedly clear that South Sudan needs help. How will this further complicate the new found joy of South Sudanfs independence? What lessions can other newly independent states learn from South Sudanfs short experiences? Time will tell, but South Sudanfs independence may have begun with false start!
References
Alex.L and Gerry. M. 2012. Devolution in a 'Stateless Nation': Nation-building and Social Policy in Scotland. Social Policy and Administration, 46(2).
Editorial, The Guardian, Saturday 9 July 2011. South Sudan's independence day; Independence is an event, but it is also a process, slow and fraught with danger.
Estes. R.J. 2011. Failed and Failing States: Is Quality of Life Possible? Springer eBook.
Julie Pace, Associated Press. January 10, 2012. Obama Sending 5 US Military Officers to South Sudan.
Kurtenbach, S. 2011. State-Building, War and Violence: Evidence from Latin America, GIGA Working Papers.181
Ndlovu-Gatsheni. J.S. 2012. Fiftieth Anniversary of Decolonisation in Africa: a moment of celebration or critical reflection? Third World Quarterly.33 (1)
Sri Lanka Guardian. February 8, 2011. President Bashir officially endorses South Sudan independence.
Sudan Tribune, January 14, 2012. South Sudan rebels: united to fight for regime change.
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COPYRIGHT NOTICE
© 2012 Nicholas Okumu |
STORYMANIA PUBLICATION DATE
January 2012 |
NUMBER OF TIMES TITLE VIEWED
1882
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